Audio Sample vs. MIDI: audio sample is like a recorded chunk, whereas MIDI is just a trigger, telling a certain note to be played at a certain time
Bump (in the pictorial view of a sound) = transients

Sentence Re-order:

I used the scissor tool to chop up the track so that each word was isolated, then I just dragged them around to rearrange. I used the crossfade tool to make the transition between each word smoother.

Pitch Change:

In the Sample Editor, I went to "Factory" and clicked on "Time and Pitch Machine," then changed the transposition destination to 800.

Tempo Change:

In the Sample Editor, I went to "Factory" and clicked on "Time and Pitch Machine," then changed the Tempo Destination to 220.

Echo and Fade:

I went to Inserts, then to Delay, then to Echo. I changed the "Time" setting to 1/16; then I modified the "Dry" and "Wet" settings a little bit to change the amount of echo that was on it.